An 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Field Affects Hormone Levels, Sperm Quality, and Behavior in Laboratory Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

In addition to natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs), so-called artificial electromagnetic fields exist in the biosphere, with mobile communications being one of their main sources. This study aimed to determine the impact of EMF at a frequency of 1800 MHz on the concentrations of selected hormones, sperm motility, viability, morphology and behaviors in laboratory rats. We used 28 rats divided into two equinumerous groups: control (n = 14) and experimental (n = 14). The rats in the experimental group were exposed to EMF for 12 weeks (for 10 min, four times daily); at the same time, the control specimens were kept in standard conditions. After 12 weeks, half of each group was killed, while the other half was maintained for another 4 weeks with no EMF emission. Elevated corticosterone levels and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were observed in the experimental specimens, which persisted for 2 weeks after the cessation of EMF emission. Exposure to EMF also resulted in decreased sperm motility and viability, as well as increased rat anxiety. This study shows that exposure to EMF (1800 MHz) may affect the endocrine status of the body and the behavior and reproductive functions of animals. However, hormonal disorders appear to be reversible.