Comparing Fast Fourier Transform and Prony Method for Analysing Frequency Oscillation in Real Power System Interconnection

Analysing power system oscillations is essential for maintaining electrical grid stability and reliability. To assess power system oscillations and demonstrate the actual application in a real grid system, this research compares two popular signal processing methods: Prony’s approach and the Fast Fourier Transform from Phasor Measurement Unit data in the Java Bali (Indonesia) power system interconnection. FFT gives information about the prominent frequency components by representing system oscillations in the frequency domain. Nevertheless, windowing effects and resolution limitations limit it. By fitting exponential functions to time-domain signals, Prony’s approach, on the other hand, excels at precisely estimating the frequency and damping characteristics of oscillatory modes. The accuracy, computational effectiveness, and applicability for the real-time monitoring of both approaches are assessed in this study. Simulation results on both simulated and actual power system data illustrate the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy. The results show that although FFT is helpful for rapid spectral analysis, Prony’s approach offers more thorough mode identification, which makes it especially advantageous for damping evaluations. This study ends with suggestions for choosing the best method for power system stability analysis based on application requirements.