Nonlinear static analysis of metamaterial structures based on the Kagome lattice using beam finite elements and component-wise approach

This work numerically investigates the mechanical behavior of metamaterial structures inspired by the Kagome lattice mechanism using the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). The proposed numerical model employs enhanced one-dimensional finite elements with three-dimensional capabilities, enabling precise predictions of deformation patterns and stress–strain responses under various loading conditions. With CUF, any three-dimensional effects can be captured, allowing for the analysis of the width direction of these metamaterial structures, potentially accounting for varying geometric properties. The model’s robustness is demonstrated through its ability to capture critical phenomena such as buckling, post-buckling behavior, and rigid-body rotations of lattice triangles, which are hallmarks of the Kagome lattice’s unique mechanical properties. The introduction of stiffer hinges highlights the potential for tailoring mechanical responses to meet specific design requirements, such as enhanced load-carrying capacity and optimized energy absorption. This study demonstrates the versatility of Kagome lattice-based metamaterials and lays the groundwork for future research, including the analysis of 3D Kagome-lattice metamaterials facilitated to the proposed numerical model.