Complications After Craniofacial Reconstruction With PEEK PSI Insertion: Pathological Comparison of PEEK and Titanium

This case report explores polyetheretherketone (PEEK) patient-specific implants (PSI) in craniofacial surgery. It highlights the advantages and challenges of this innovative material. While PEEK offers biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and precision in patient-specific implant manufacturing, challenges such as limited osseointegration capabilities and potential complications, including infections and fluid collection, persist. The report discusses two cases: one characterized by a postoperative infection following maxilla reconstruction, and the other involving a peri-implant fluid collection after orbit reconstruction utilizing a PEEK PSI. Histological comparisons showed distinct tissue reactions around PEEK and titanium implants during infections. This study underscores the need for careful consideration and further research to optimize PEEK applications in craniofacial surgery, emphasizing its unique pathological characteristics and potential complications.