Evaluating risk factors associated with fatalities among powered two-wheeler crashes in the United States

The significant influence of opponent vehicle type on fatality risk in crashes involving PTWs highlights the need for further investigation into vehicle-specific crash prevention and mitigation strategies, especially for light and heavy trucks. Similarly, the high variability in fatality odds across different crash configurations underscores the importance of integrating impact orientation surrogate variables into injury prediction models. The speed-fatality prediction model developed in this study provides a foundational framework for evaluating the effectiveness of advanced rider assistance systems and other safety interventions that reduce crash speed. Future research should explore the benefits of such measures through simulation and real-world testing.