Empowering Diabetes Patients: Indonesian Adaptation and Validation of the DSMQ-R

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Indonesian version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-Revised (DSMQ-R), originally developed by Schmitt, to assess self-management behaviors in Indonesian patients with diabetes. Given Indonesia’s high prevalence of diabetes, a culturally appropriate and psychometrically validated instrument is essential for improving patient self-care and informing healthcare interventions. A total of 141 diabetic patients participated in this study, completing the Indonesian DSMQ-R through in-person and online surveys. The adaptation process followed international linguistic validation guidelines, including forward and backward translation, expert review, and cognitive debriefing. Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to assess content validity, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate construct validity. Internal consistency and reliability were examined using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR). The CVI analysis demonstrated high relevance, clarity, and importance scores. CFA results indicated a well-fitting structural model, with factor loadings exceeding 0.8 and strong fit indices (RMSEA = 0.033, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.992). The instrument exhibited high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.825, confirming its reliability and validity for assessing diabetes self-management. The Indonesian DSMQ-R is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating self-management behaviors among Indonesian diabetic patients. Its strong psychometric properties support its application in clinical practice and research. However, this study is limited by its sample size and participant diversity, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Future research should integrate glycemic control measures, such as HbA1c levels, and expand participant diversity to enhance its applicability.