Influence of Patient-related Factors, Implant Characteristics and Surgical Technique on the Stability of Dental Implants Measured by Resonance Frequency Analysis

Objectives: To assess primary and secondary stability of titanium-zirconium alloy dental implants using resonance frequency analysis, and to identify factors influencing implant stability. Materials and Methods:This was a longitudinal, prospective study utilizing the Straumann implant system with either conventional or guided implant bed preparation techniques.Implant stability was measured using the Osstell ISQ system (Integration Diagnostics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) and analyzed in relation to patient-specific, implant-related, and surgical variables using multilevel modeling and multiple linear regression.Results: A total of 274 implants were placed in 107 patients.Primary stability was positively correlated with bone density and insertion torque (p < 0.05).Higher primary stability was observed with 10 mm and 12 mm implants compared to 8 mm implants.Guided implant bed preparation resulted in higher and more consistent primary stability than conventional techniques.Patients with endocrine disorders demonstrated a reduction in ISQ values, with decreases of 5.63 units in the vestibular/palatal (ISQ Vb/ PLv) and 6.07 units in the mesial/distal (ISQ M/Dv) directions.Greater increases in stability were observed in cases of caries-related tooth loss compared to periodontal disease, and with the use of longer and wider-diameter implants.Conclusions: These findings underscore the value of standardized methods for assessing implant stability and highlight the relevance of patient-, implant-, and procedure-related factors in predicting implant success.