Factors Influencing the Adoption of Renewable Energies in Developing Countries

ABSTRACT This study offers a comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the determinants affecting renewable energy adoption in developing nations. By employing a methodology that integrates qualitative content analysis with bibliometric mapping, 201 articles published between 2019 and 2023 were examined. The results reveal a complex web of technological, economic, social, and political factors influencing clean energy implementation. A temporal analysis demonstrates a significant paradigm shift in the literature, from predominantly economic–financial determinants (37% in 2019) to the emergence of sociocultural factors as the primary drivers (32% in 2023) of renewable energy adoption. Noteworthy barriers include financial limitations, governance challenges, and societal resistance, whereas facilitators encompass innovations in business models and supportive policies. The bibliometric analysis highlighted significant geographical asymmetries in knowledge production, with research concentrated in China, India, and the United Kingdom, whereas extensive regions in Africa and Latin America remain underrepresented. These geographical disparities raise critical questions about the generalizability of findings across diverse socioeconomic contexts. This research emphasizes the importance of employing multifaceted and locally tailored strategies to drive renewable energy adoption, particularly those addressing emerging sociocultural dimensions. The study also explores implications for energy policy and suggests future research directions, advocating for more interdisciplinary, longitudinal investigations, and greater inclusivity in international research collaborations to ensure the representation of underserved regions.