The effect of eco-friendly materials for the stability and durability of building structures

The current development of the construction industry makes it extremely important to find effective ways for increasing the stability and durability of building structures. The introduction of eco-friendly materials and additives, such as fly ash (FA) from combined heat and power plant (CHPP) and recycled concreate, is becoming increasingly urgent, as it improves the properties of concrete mixtures and solves the problem of industrial waste disposal, reducing the negative impact on the environment. The aim of this research is to study the effect of CHPP FA, construction wastes and other environmental additives on the stability, durability, as well as physicomechanical properties of building structures. The research employed several analytical methods, in particular, the compressive strength test according to the ASTM C109 standard. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were also used. These methods evaluated in detail the chemical and granulometric composition of FA, its activity and influence on the physical and mechanical properties of cement compositions. The studies show that the FA introduction into the concrete mixture increase the homogeneity of concrete, reduce cement consumption, and increase compressive strength at different stages of hardening. In particular, the addition of 10% of ash by weight of cement resulted in the improved cement hydration and decreased concrete shrinkage. It was established that with an increase in the specific surface of FA to S s p e c . = 200 – 250 m 2 /kg, the chemical composition increases by 27%, and the strength of samples with an addition of 3% liquid glass increases by 12 – 15%. The introduction of eco-friendly additives into the cement compositions allows to significantly improve the stability and durability of building structures and reduce the impact of the construction industry on the environment. Further research may focus on optimizing the composition of eco-friendly additives for various types of building structures. It is planned to study the thermal conductivity and resistance of the developed concrete mixtures to aggressive environments.