PVP-Ag-NaNbO₃ biomimetic nanozymes for enhancing sonodynamic tumor therapy

Abstract Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging tumor treatment strategy that relies on sonosensitizers to mediate therapeutic effects. However, the limited availability of effective sonosensitizers has prompted the exploration of biomimetic materials inspired by natural structures. Herein, we report a PVP-Ag-NaNbO 3 biomimetic nanocomposite as a novel sonosensitizer. Passively targeting the tumor microenvironment, this agent generates abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon ultrasound activation, inducing apoptosis via oxidative stress. Remarkably, PVP-Ag-NaNbO 3 displays four multienzyme-mimicking activities, namely, peroxidase (POD)-like, oxidase (OXD)-like, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like, and catalase (CAT)-like activities. Surface modification with silver and PVP enhances its biocompatibility, biodegradability, selectivity, and targeted therapy efficiency. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PVP-Ag-NaNbO 3 has a significant cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, especially under ultrasound exposure, while showing minimal impact on normal cells.