The Distribution of Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic Rays along the Supergalactic Plane Measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Abstract Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays are known to be mainly of extragalactic origin, and their propagation is limited by energy losses, so their arrival directions are expected to correlate with the large-scale structure of the local Universe. In this work, we investigate the possible presence of intermediate-scale excesses in the flux of the most energetic cosmic rays from the direction of the supergalactic plane region using events with energies above 20 EeV recorded with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory up to 2022 December 31, with a total exposure of 135,000 km 2 sr yr. The strongest indication for an excess that we find, with a posttrial significance of 3.1 σ , is in the Centaurus region, as in our previous reports, and it extends down to lower energies than previously studied. We do not find any strong hints of excesses from any other region of the supergalactic plane at the same angular scale. In particular, our results do not confirm the reports by the Telescope Array Collaboration of excesses from two regions in the Northern Hemisphere at the edge of the field of view of the Pierre Auger Observatory. With a comparable integrated exposure over these regions, our results there are in good agreement with the expectations from an isotropic distribution.
Authors
- G.P. Guedes
- T. Paulsen
- O. Deligny
- V.M. Harvey
- Bruno L. Lago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-0499)
- M. Pech
- S. Stanič
- L. Caccianiga
- K.-H. Kampert
- T. Pierog (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-8710)
- G. Sigl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-645X)
- T. Suomijärvi
- S. Michal
- R. Engel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-8889)
- T. Huege (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4772)
- F. Salamida
- C. Dobrigkeit
- Marta Bianciotto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-3214)
- Carmina Pérez Bertolli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-5732)
- J. de Jesús
- G. Nicora
- M.I. Micheletti
- Carlo Salvattore Cruz Sanchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6173-0974)
- T. Fitoussi
- M. Majercakova
- A. Bueno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-4247)
- A. C. Fauth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-0288)
- Enrique Varela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-7513)
- T. Hebbeker
- K. Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5839-9569)
- Shigeru Negi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-4140)
- M. Saharan
- Lorenzo Cazon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-8395)
- K. Daumiller
- Lukáš Vaclavek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-3415)
- P. Privitera
- B. R. Dawson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-3055)
- D. Nosek
- Jill Meinert
- C. Timmermans
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- Emanuele De Vito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-7588)
- Dušan Mandát (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-7468)
- A. Coleman
- M. Roth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-4477)
- I. Lhenry-Yvon
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- Cynthia Ventura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9261-424X)
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Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2025-05-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adbdc5
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 7.48
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Grainger Foundation
- Strong
- Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
- European Commission
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii
- Xunta de Galicia
- Junta de Andalucía
- Vlaamse regering
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
- Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación