Type 2 diabetes and the role of nurses in its management

Type 2 diabetes has become a significant global public health issue. Its increasing prevalence is closely linked to sedentary lifestyles, suboptimal diets and high obesity levels. This article provides an overview of type 2 diabetes epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, risk factors, complications and management. It also describes the role of nurses, which involves: advising patients on weight management, diet, physical activity, smoking cessation and alcohol reduction; encouraging adherence to care plans and drug treatment regimens; and providing ongoing support, education and monitoring to prevent or delay the onset of complications.