The role of fisheries sector in India’s Blue Economy: An integration of economic vitality, sustainability and future potential

India’s fisheries sector represents a vital component of its propelling Blue Economy system, as they offer significant economic returns, social development and nutritional security but face immense sustainability issues. In Financial year 2022-23, the fisheries sector generated a total output of 14.16 million tonnes, sustaining approximately 14.5 million livelihoods nationwide. The sector contributed ?2.12 lakh crore ($25.5 billion) to the national Gross Value Added (GVA), representing 0.96 % of the aggregate economy and 5.23 % of the agricultural GVA. These metrics underscore the sector’s significant socioeconomic footprint within India’s broader economic framework. India also achieved an increase in international trade value by exporting seafood worth $7.08 billion further enhancing India’s position in global trade markets. Despite the development, the sector is still at high risk due to over-excessive fishing, harsh climate changes and inadequate infrastructure which threaten its sustainability. This article integrates economic concepts, in-depth statistical analysis and policy review to evaluate the sustainable development of fisheries while still proposing some initiatives for its sustainable growth. The examination encompasses economic benefits, social and nutritional roles, environmental factors, new technologies, implemented policies, regional differences and future trends. This article aims to highlight the importance of strategies that promote economic development and environmental conservation, thereby enhancing resilience against potential threats while maximizing the region’s contribution to India’s Blue Economy.