Residential satisfaction and living experience in low-cost housing within tropical climates: a case study of Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Abstract Amidst escalating housing prices and inflation in Sarawak, the government has implemented four schemes to assist low-income families in securing affordable homes. However, challenges persist in delivering quality housing for this demographic. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess residential satisfaction, focussing on the principal factors and impact of socio-demographic characteristics on residential contentment. A comprehensive questionnaire survey was administered to 100 residents across three low-cost housing communities in Kuching, Sarawak. The findings reveal that 31.7% of respondents earn below RM2000 per month, while 29.6% have incomes between RM2000 and RM2999, positioning them in the lower income brackets. A substantial 78.3% of respondents reside in low-cost flats. Three-room units, constituting 43.7% of low-cost housing, are the most feasible option for affordability and space. Three family members comprise 20.7% of the household, followed by four at 24.6% and five at 18.2%. The survey revealed widespread flaws: 95% of respondents struggle with limited living space, 63.3% struggle with shared amenities, 20% report inadequate safety features, and 13.3% have experienced maintenance issues. Most responders are residing a considerable distance from their workplaces and schools. The study underscores the necessity for targeted improvements in housing policy and community planning to enhance the life quality for low-income families. These viable improvements can serve as a blueprint for developing affordable housing in the near future.