Advances in integrated nutrient management for sustainable crop production

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a sustainable approach to soil fertility and crop production that combines organic, inorganic, and biological sources of nutrients to optimize soil health and enhance agricultural productivity. With the increasing challenges of soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and environmental concerns associated with intensive farming, INM plays a crucial role in balancing nutrient supply while maintaining long-term soil sustainability. This review explores recent advances in INM, including precision nutrient management, biofertilizers, organic amendments, and soil microbial interventions. The paper also discusses the impact of INM on soil health, crop yield, nutrient-use efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, it highlights challenges and future research directions for optimizing INM strategies to enhance global food security while mitigating climate change effects.