Changes in haematological parameters in case of oral cavity pathologies in dogs

Diseases of the oral cavity in dogs are common all over the world and require a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. Leukocytosis is often noted in the blood of animals with chronic diseases of the oral cavity, which indicates the activation of the body's immune response to the progressive development of the pathological process or its possible exacerbation. The purpose of this study involved a comprehensive assessment of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in dogs with oral diseases to establish their connection with the pathological process. Dogs with an infectious and inflammatory process in the oral cavity for periodontitis, stomatitis, and calculus were selected for the study. Standard laboratory methods were used to determine the morphological parameters of blood – the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, and biochemical parameters – the content of haemoglobin, glucose, creatinine, urea, the activity of aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, etc. In addition, an X-ray method was used to diagnose the condition of the oral cavity organs in sick dogs. Based on the data obtained, it was found that diseases of the oral cavity in these animals were accompanied by significant changes in certain morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood, which may indicate a systemic reaction of the body to the pathological process. In particular, leukocytosis (for stomatitis and periodontitis), hypochromemia (for calculus), a decrease in the value of haematocrit (for periodontitis), thrombocytopenia (for all pathologies), and an increase in its plasma activity of aspartate aminotransferase (for stomatitis and periodontitis), a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (for stomatitis), a decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (for calculus) and an increase (for periodontitis), hyperglycemia and hyperazotemia (for stomatitis and periodontitis) were noted. The established changes in haematological parameters are a reflection of the development of a pathological process in the oral cavity of dogs and can play a key role in diagnosing and predicting the course of these diseases, choosing the optimal treatment strategy and monitoring its effectiveness