Exploring The Root Causes and Operational Tactics of Sea Piracy Against Fisherman in Indonesia

Piracy remains a significant issue in global maritime security, particularly in strategic seas that are crucial for international trade. Previous research highlighted that fishing vessels rank as the second most common target of piracy, following cargo ships. In Indonesia, piracy targeting fishermen continues to be a growing concern, with both economic and social implications for coastal communities. This research aims to understand the underlying causes and operational strategies of piracy targeting fishermen in Indonesia, focusing on the structural factors that drive these crimes and the methods employed by perpetrators. Using qualitative methods, this study applies the Model of Condition and Model of Operation from William and Godson to analyze the situation. The findings reveal that weak state governance, characterized by low law enforcement and insufficient prosecution, is a key determinant in the proliferation of piracy. The Model of Operations further explains how opportunities, motivations, and resources drive individuals to engage in piracy. Economic desperation, lack of viable employment, and exploitation of local knowledge are critical factors, with perpetrators often originating from the same communities as their victims. This study underscores that piracy against fishermen is not only a legal issue but also a social and economic problem, exacerbated by ineffective legal frameworks and socio-economic disparities. Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach, integrating legal reform, socio-economic development, and stronger enforcement mechanisms to mitigate piracy’s root causes.