Diseases and Pest Management in Nurseries: Challenges, Strategies and Emerging Technologies

Nursery production is significantly affected by diseases and pest infestations, which diminish plant health, marketability, and overall yield. This study examines common nursery diseases, such as powdery mildew, botrytis blight, leaf spot, rust, and root rot, as well as prominent pests like aphids, whiteflies, thrips, and mealybugs. These biological threats lead to severe economic losses, making effective management strategies essential. The analysis emphasizes the role of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as a sustainable and comprehensive approach. By combining cultural, biological, and chemical control methods, IPM effectively reduces pest populations while minimizing environmental impact. The use of biological control agents, such as predatory insects and beneficial microbes, is presented as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. Nursery crops are particularly vulnerable to leaf spot, damping-off, and anthracnose, which significantly compromise plant quality. Additionally, pests like the red palm weevil, rhinoceros beetle, and tea mosquito bug cause substantial damage to coconut, areca nut, and other plantation crops, all of which are vital to the region's economy. Managing these pests effectively requires region-specific strategies, including the use of botanical extracts, pheromone traps, and soil solarization. Emerging technologies, such as drone-based pesticide application, AI-powered pest detection, and genetic engineering for disease-resistant plants, have been identified as potential solutions for enhancing nursery productivity. These innovations offer precision and efficiency, reducing chemical usage while improving plant health. Effective disease and pest management in nurseries necessitates a multifaceted approach that integrates traditional techniques with modern innovations. The adoption of IPM strategies and cutting-edge technologies can significantly enhance plant protection, leading to increased productivity and sustainability in the nursery industry.