Enhancing corporate performance through strategic SDG disclosure: an assessment of depth and breadth of sustainability information

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how the integration of sustainable development goals (SDGs) into corporate sustainability strategies affects corporate performance. It introduces a new measurement – effectiveness of SDG information – based on depth and breadth, to evaluate how detailed and varied SDG-related disclosures impact corporate performance. The study also examines the mediating role of corporate sustainability performance (CSP) in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach This research examines a sample of Fortune 500 companies. Using a dedicated SDGs vocabulary, a content analysis of the firms’ sustainability reports was performed to measure the effectiveness of SDG information in terms of depth and breadth. In addition, a longitudinal quantitative analysis with regression models was conducted to test the mediating effect of CSP. Findings The paper provides empirical insights into how the effectiveness of SDG information positively impacts corporate performance and the role of CSP as a mediator. It suggests that firms should develop a sustainability strategy that considers both the volume and variety of SDGs. Research limitations/implications The research has significant conclusions, but further investigation is needed to enhance understanding from qualitative perspectives. The study focuses on Fortune 500 companies, and future research could explore smaller companies’ commitment to the SDGs. Practical implications The paper includes implications for developing effective SDGs disclosures, balancing depth and breadth of information. It highlights the importance of comprehensive sustainability strategies for improving corporate performance. Originality/value This document addresses the need to identify methods for measuring corporate commitment to the SDGs and its impact on creating corporate value. It introduces innovative metrics—depth and breadth of SDGs information—as proxies for assessing the effectiveness of SDG-related disclosures and their influence on corporate performance.