Glycosidase inhibitory isoflavones from the seeds of <i>Cullen corylifolium</i> and their structure–activity relationship study

A novel isoflavone, designated as 2″<i>R</i>,3″<i>S</i>-dihydroxycorylifol A (<b>1</b>), along with ten previously identified isoflavones (<b>2</b> - <b>11</b>), was obtained from the seeds of <i>Cullen corylifolium</i> (L.). Through a combination of analytical methods, such as spectroscopy, and physical-chemical analyses, these compounds' structural configurations were determined. The isolates were subsequently assessed for their <i>in vitro α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Notably, compounds <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>5</b> demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on <i>α</i>-glucosidase, with IC₅₀ values of 12.7 ± 1.2, 10.8 ± 1.1, and 14.1 ± 1.1 μM, respectively. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were conducted to predict the binding interactions of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> with the target enzyme.