Cost‐Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Adolescent Girls in Moscow, Russia

ABSTRACT Introduction Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Russia. This high early age mortality emphasizes the need to examine the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for adolescent girls and its potential inclusion in Russia's national immunization schedule. Methods Using data from the Moscow Department of Health, we analyzed the economic burden of cervical cancer, estimated girls’ 2022 vaccination coverage, explored challenges and approaches to improve coverage, and compared the cost‐effectiveness of strategies to improve coverage and reduce HPV vaccine costs. Conversations with healthcare workers at healthcare facilities validated coverage estimates from procurement data based on previous trends and demographic data. Results We estimated that only 24% of Moscow girls aged 12–13 years were vaccinated in 2022. The total cost for a two‐dose vaccination per girl was $226.86. HPV vaccination gains 215 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) per 100,000 females. The discounted cost of treating cervical cancer per patient over a 29‐year gap is $4889. Comparing the costs of the HPV program and cervical cancer treatment per 100,000 females, the program proves to be cost‐effective and cost‐saving even with costs over $200 per fully vaccinated girl. Conclusion This study provides evidence for expanding the HPV vaccination program to other regions of Russia. The study seeks to reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and achieve 50% coverage by 2030. We recommend shifting to a one‐dose HPV vaccination strategy and including HPV in the national immunization schedule.