Printable ink formulation of piezoelectric ceramic on glass substrates for haptic feedback

Piezoelectric materials, particularly those based on Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), are gaining attention in haptic feedback technologies. PZT exhibits high piezoelectric coefficients and operates in broad frequency range, making it ideal for creating tactile responses in various devices. In this study, modified PZT was screen-printed onto high-temperature resistant glass with silver (Ag) as the sandwiching electrodes. CuO-modification of the PZT allowed it to be sufficiently sintered at a low temperature of 900°C and demonstrated excellent piezoelectric properties, achieving a high d₃₃ value of 270-310 pC/N. These results demonstrate the feasibility of CuO-modified PZT ceramics for piezoelectric haptic actuator applications.