Comprehensive Evaluation of Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management (SMSWM) Practices in Rourkela

Abstract Effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for ensuring sustainable urban development, especially in rapidly industrializing cities like Rourkela. This review paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of current municipal solid waste management (MSWM) practices in Rourkela, Odisha, with a focus on sustainability. Drawing upon a combination of local case studies, technological assessments, and comparative global frameworks, the study highlights the status, challenges, and opportunities for enhancing MSWM in the region. Particular emphasis is given to the recycling and utilization of industrial waste from the Rourkela Steel Plant, fly ash management, and the potential role of green technologies such as mechanical-biological treatment. The review also explores institutional frameworks, policy initiatives, stakeholder involvement, and public-private collaborations. It identifies critical gaps in waste segregation, informal sector integration, and long-term planning while proposing strategic interventions aligned with sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper aims to contribute to the formulation of more efficient, inclusive, and environmentally sound waste management policies in Rourkela and similar Indian cities. Keywords Rourkela, Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM), Sustainability, Recycling, Industrial Waste, Green Technology, Urban Planning, Fly Ash, Smart City, Circular Economy