Afghanistan's Agricultural Export Advantage: A Comparative Study (2011-2019) with Focus on Key Trading Partners (Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, India, and Turkey)

Abstract The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of Afghanistan's agricultural export potential from 2011 to 2019, aiming to identify and diagnose export advantages, recognize growth opportunities, and present recommendations for enhancing the country's export advantage. The research evaluates Afghanistan's relative advantage in agricultural exports by employing six indicators, including Revealed Comparative Advantage RCA, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Balance, Micheli Index (MI), Share in Trade Balance (CTB), and Kai Square indicating an increase in the share of agricultural products in total country exports, with fluctuations over the study period. Afghanistan demonstrates a higher relative advantage in various agricultural products, securing leading positions in producing and exporting fruits, nuts, and spices. Despite these advantages, challenges such as non-standard packaging and marketing issues hinder Afghanistan's market position. To address challenges, the study recommends mechanization, strategic investments, quality assurance, and policy improvements to strengthen Afghanistan's position in the global agricultural market.