ZT-RIC: A Zero Trust RIC Framework for Ensuring Data Privacy and Confidentiality in Open RAN

The advancement of 5G and NextG networks through Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture marks a transformative shift towards more virtualized, modular, and disaggregated configurations. A critical component within this O-RAN architecture is the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), which facilitates the management and control of the RAN through sophisticated machine learning-driven software microservices known as xApps. These xApps rely on accessing a diverse range of sensitive data from RAN and User Equipment (UE), stored in the near Real-Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) database. The inherent nature of this shared, multi-vendor, and open environment significantly raises the risk of unauthorized sensitive RAN/UE data exposure. In response to these privacy concerns, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving zero-trust RIC (dubbed as, ZT-RIC) framework that preserves RAN/UE data privacy within the RIC platform (i.e., shared RIC database, xA<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$p$</tex>p, and E2 interface). The underlying idea is to employ a computationally efficient cryptographic technique called Inner Product Functional Encryption (IPFE) to encrypt the RAN/UE data at the base station, thus, preventing data leaks over the E2 interface and shared RIC database. Furthermore, ZT-RIC customizes the xAp<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$p$</tex>'s inference model by leveraging the inner product operations on encrypted data supported by IPFE to enable xAp<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$p$</tex> to make accurate inferences without data exposure. For evaluation purposes, we leverage a state-of-the-art InterClass xApp, which utilizes RAN key performance metrics (KPMs) to identify jamming signals within the wireless network. Prototyping on an LTE/5G O-RAN testbed demonstrates that ZT-RIC not only ensures data privacy/confidentiality but also guarantees a desired model accuracy of 97.9% in detecting jamming signals as well as meeting stringent sub-second timing requirement with a round-trip time (RTT) of 0.527 seconds.