Vuotemps: An End-to-End One-Way Delay Measurement System for Vehicle-to-Server Communication Utilizing eBPF Timestamping in UDP Options with Precision Time Synchronization

The measurement of one-way delay (OWD) is crucial for maintaining the user experience (UX) of future connected services that rely heavily on real-time media transmission in connected vehicles. OWD measurement enables the early detection of media transmission quality degradation due to network issues. This study introduces VUOTEMPS, an end-toend OWD measurement system designed for vehicle-to-server communication. By leveraging GNSS-based time synchronization within the vehicle, VUOTEMPS provides frequent, per-packet delay measurements using in-band network telemetry, incorporating eBPF to embed timestamps within the UDP Options area. The effectiveness of this system is validated through experiments conducted in a moving vehicle, evaluating both the Internet traversability and overhead associated with UDP Options. Additionally, the study explores the delay characteristics of vehicle cellular communications through OWD measurements, demonstrating the practical utility of the proposed system.