A Semi-Supervised QPSO-TR PAPR Reduction Scheme for OTSM Systems

This paper proposes a semi-supervised quantum particle swarm optimization-based tone reservation (SS-QPSO-TR) method with affinity propagation (AP) clustering and k-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithms. The proposed SS-QPSO-TR method reduces the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal time sequency multiplexing (OTSM) systems. The main finding is a significant 4.5 dB, 4.3 dB and 4 dB PAPR reduction in contrast to the original OTSM for QAM-64, 16 and 4, respectively while concurrently reducing transmission computational complexity by 16.7 times, compared to adapted tone reservation in both-domain (A-TR-BD), at the same bit error rate (BER) and error vector magnitude (EVM) performance. The proposed SS-QPSO-TR scheme enables efficient modulation of OTSM transmitters in high-mobility, real-time, wireless communication scenarios.