PISA: Privacy-Preserving Smart Parking

In recent years, urban areas have experienced a rapid increase in vehicles, while parking availability has remained static, leading to a significant shortage of parking spots. This creates inconvenience for drivers and contributes to traffic congestion. A solution is the temporary use of private parking spaces by homeowners during their absence, alleviating the parking problem and generating additional income. However, current systems often neglect security and privacy, exposing users to risks. This paper presents PISA, a Privacy-Preserving Smart Parking scheme designed to address these issues through a cryptographically secure protocol. PISA enables the anonymous sharing of parking spots, allowing vehicle owners to park without revealing personal identifiers. Our contributions include a bi-directional anonymity framework ensuring neither party can identify the other and the use of formal verification to prove the soundness of our security measures. Unlike existing solutions, which often lack security focus, formal validation, or efficiency, PISA is designed to be both secure and efficient.