Llama-Recipe — Fine-Tuned Meta's Llama LLM, PBOM and NFT Enabled 5G Network-Slice Orchestration and End-to-End Supply-Chain Verification Platform

Modern 5G networks offer a network-sliced infrastructure where each network slice contains a dedicated 5G core software service layer. The 5G core software services in each slice shares common core network resources to meet specific customer needs. A primary challenge in 5G network slicing involves resource sharing and efficient network slice orchestration. Container-based methodologies, including tools like Docker and Kubernetes, have become popular for orchestrating 5G network slice services and managing configurations in microservices-based cloud-native service deployment. However, despite their utility, these tools present significant challenges. Their complexity often necessitates dedicated DevOps teams for effective management, while configuration management can prove arduous, and end-to-end supply chain oversight is lacking. To address these challenges, this paper introduces “Llama-Recipe,” a cloud-native 5G-core service deployment and orchestration platform integrating Generative AI, SBOM, PBOM and NFT. 5G-core service configurations across different network slices are represented as “HOCON (Human-Optimized Config Object Notation)” config objects adhering to the GitOps paradigm. Leveraging custom-trained Meta's Llama2 LLM, Llama-Recipe generates the Kubernetes manifests for network-sliced 5G-core services based on the defined HOCON configurations. The generated Kubernetes manifests of the 5G-core services are deployed in designated Kubernetes clusters utilizing GitOps tools (e.g., ArgoCD), ensuring seamless and automated deployment processes. Additionally, Llama-Recipe introduced a novel mechanism to handle end-to-end supply chain verification of 5G-core software services using Software-Bill of Materials (SBOM) and Pipeline-Bill of Materials (PBOM). SBOMs track all the dependencies and PBOMs facilitate the comprehensive tracking of end-to-end supply chain data for 5G-core software services, enhancing transparency and security. These PBOMs are also generated using the fine-tuned Meta's Llama-2 LLM and are encoded as NFT tokens with a novel NFT token schema. This schema enables easy verification and validation of supply-chain data during deployments, thus helping to prevent various supply-chain attacks. To fine-tune the Meta's Llama2 LLM, we've undertaken a meticulous training process, collaborating with Qlora to transform a 4-bit quantized pre-trained language model into Low-Rank Adapters(LoRA). The effectiveness of the Llama-Recipe is demonstrated through a real-world test-bed deployment in a sliced network scenario, utilizing multiple 5G cores (i.e., Open5GS) across Ericsson's new Radio Access Network (RAN).