The Combination of Multi-Radio for Localization and Transactions for Contactless Gate System

The increasing commercial interest in proximity services has fostered the development of diverse wireless location technologies. Consistent with this trend, Ultra-wideband (UWB) is gaining prominence as a promising technology for facilitating proximity services due to its high level of location accuracy. One instance of a proximity service is the contactless gate (CG), which enables user interaction without requiring physical contact, as opposed to methods like NFC. This paper proposes a novel gate system that incorporates high localization accuracy and expedited payment transactions via the utilization of multiple radios. The UWB is triggered only when a BLE packet is received to minimize energy consumption. Localization is performed by UWB at a subway station. When the mobile device (MD) moves into one of the preset transaction areas of the gate, it is considered that the gate to be passed has been selected, and payment begins with cellular networks. To validate our approach, we implemented and evaluated our solution in both laboratory settings and a real-world subway station environment. The CG achieved the localization accuracy of 28.4 cm in dynamic scenario and the transaction delay of 288 ms.