Investigating the antecedent mechanism of destination image formation using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

Purpose This research aims to comprehensively examine the factors influencing destination image (DI) formation in emerging markets by using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Design/methodology/approach The research employs the fsQCA method, which facilitates asymmetric and configuration-focused testing of theoretical propositions, enabling advanced theoretical insights. Data were gathered from 528 international travelers who visited Egypt. Findings The fsQCA results reveal that no single necessary condition is identified for achieving a highly positive DI. Instead, the results identify that destination attributes, tourists' intrinsic motivations, tourists' experiences and tolerance collectively serve as essential conditions for forming a highly positive DI. Originality/value This investigation adds value to the travel research agenda by developing and testing a configurational model of the factors influencing DI formation using the fsQCA approach. Notably, it is the first to utilize this method to uncover the combined impact of key antecedents in shaping DI, offering a novel perspective for both researchers and practitioners.