Control of internal moisture transfer direction and lateral moisturization to mitigate drying defects in large-cross section timber

The drying process of large-cross-section timber is a critical challenge in the timber industry, as it is prone to moisture gradients and drying defects, such as surface checks and cracks, which negatively affect the wood’s quality and structural integrity. Therefore, effective methods to control moisture movement during drying are essential for improving timber utilization and preserving its sustainability. This study investigated the effect of surface moisturization and internal moisture control in minimizing drying defects in large-cross-section Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora). The experimental setup involved applying cross-sectional sealing and steaming pre-treatment to regulate internal moisture transfer, with real-time monitoring of weight changes and moisture content at various positions within the timber using load cells and hygrometers. The results showed that lateral moisturization effectively mitigated drying defects by reducing the rate of moisture loss from the ends. The total drying time was 835.4 hours (approximately 35 days), and surface moisturization proved to be a critical factor in reducing surface checks and enhancing wood quality. This approach provides a promising strategy for improving drying efficiency and reducing defects, ultimately benefiting the timber industry by promoting more sustainable wood drying practices.