Державне регулювання іноземних інвестицій у контексті підвищення ефективності національної економіки

One of the main objectives of the study is to determine the role of foreign investments in ensuring economic growth and structural modernization of the national economy, especially in the context of economic challenges caused by the war and post-war recovery. The authors highlight the importance of foreign investments as a source of technological innovations, infrastructure development, and job creation, which contribute to sustainable economic development. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ukraine from 2010 to 2024, it can be concluded that the investment situation was strongly dependent on political and economic stability. In 2010-2013, there was a steady growth in FDI and a positive balance of portfolio investments, which indicated the attractiveness of the Ukrainian market for foreign investors. However, starting from 2014, due to the annexation of Crimea, the war in Donbas, and political instability, investment volumes significantly decreased, which was reflected in a negative balance of FDI and an increase in investment risks. Starting in 2016, a gradual recovery of investments was observed, but the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 worsened the situation again. In 2021, despite a short-term revival of investment activity, with the onset of the full-scale invasion by the Russian Federation in 2022, FDI volumes decreased once again. However, in 2023-2024, there has been some recovery in investments, primarily due to support in the form of loans, aid, and intergovernmental programs, which provides hope for the restoration of Ukraine’s investment attractiveness in the long term. A quantitative analysis of the dependence of Ukraine's GDP on the dynamics of various types of foreign investments was also conducted using correlation-regression analysis methods. The results indicate a strong positive impact of FDI on GDP growth, as well as the importance of diversifying investment flows to ensure sustainable economic development. The article also develops proposals for improving the regulation of foreign investments with an emphasis on enhancing economic efficiency, stability, and promoting the sustainable development of Ukraine's economy in the context of global changes.