Influence of MHD stagnation point flow on hybrid nanofluid (MWCNT+Fe₃O₄/H₂O) past an elongating sheet with rapidity slip conditions and Joule heating

Abstract The Joule heating effect plays a crucial role in numerous electrical and electronic applications, including electron microscopes, flash pasteurization systems, electric power generation, cartridge warmers, and various other devices. This article aims to delve into the effect of Joule heating in the steady 2‐D stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid (HNF) (MWCNT+Fe 3 O 4 /H 2 O) towards a stretching surface with magnetic effects. In addition, the heat source, viscous dissipation, varying thermal conductivity, velocity slip, and thermal radiation are also considered while analyzing the thermal characteristics. The governing partial differential equation (PDE) equations have been converted via similar variables to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These are numerically solved using the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method and the shooting technique. The effects of different physical parameters on velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and drag force coefficient are graphically analyzed. The results demonstrate that an increase in the thermal radiation parameter (Rd) and the magnetic parameter (M) enhances the heat transfer rate at the surface. Moreover, the heat transfer rate associated with the Eckert number indicates that HNFs achieves a 3.94% improvement in heat transfer compared to mono‐nanofluids and a 2.28% improvement compared to viscous fluids.