Advancements in particle-reinforced high-entropy alloy coatings: Microstructure, mechanical properties and mechanisms

High-entropy alloys have gained significant attention due to their advantageous properties, including high strength , hardness, wear and corrosion resistances , and thermal stability. These properties have positioned high-entropy alloys as a key focus in the development of advanced materials . Within the diverse research areas, high-entropy alloy coatings have been extensively studied for their outstanding overall performance. To further enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistances of high-entropy alloy coatings, particle reinforcement has become a highly efficient and effective method for strengthening. The present study reviewed and analyzed recent advancements in particle-reinforced high-entropy alloy coatings, specifically focusing on reinforcements such as nitrides , carbides , oxides , etc. The review systematically examined the effects particle reinforcement on the grain size evolution and phase composition of high-entropy alloy coatings, focusing on coating preparation methods, particle addition techniques, and particle content. These factors were further analyzed to understand their influence on the mechanical properties of the coatings. Additionally, the present study highlighted current challenges and proposed future research directions. The primary objective was to establish a theoretical framework to guide the design and progress of particle-reinforced high-entropy alloy coatings. • The interaction between particle amounts and matrix elements on HEA coatings was analyzed. • The effect of particle types on HEA coatings and their mechanisms was compared. • External field effects on particle-reinforced HEA coatings were systematically analyzed. • A theoretical basis and future guidance for improving HEA coatings have been provided.