Dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year changes in cognitive function in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome

The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55-75 years in men and 60-75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Data on dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed through five composite scores derived from a comprehensive battery of eight neuropsychological tests, encompassing global cognitive function, general cognitive function, attention, executive function, and language domains. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake over time and 2-year changes in cognitive function. After adjusting for multiple covariates, energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake as a continuous variable was associated with greater 2-year improvements in global cognitive function (β 1.18 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.19 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 2.17 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), executive function (β 1.12 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.03 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 2.21 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), and language (β 1.61 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.43 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 2.78 × 10<sup>-2</sup>). Additionally, the higher cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake quartile was associated with an increase in global cognitive function (β 7.10 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.59 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 13.6 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), language (β 7.07 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI - 0.52 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 14.7 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), and a lower decline in attention (β 9.58 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 1.60 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 17.5 × 10<sup>-2</sup>). A higher dietary vitamin D intake was associated with modest favorable changes in cognitive function and a reduced cognitive decline over a 2-year period. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the potential benefits of boosting dietary vitamin D intake for cognitive health in older adults.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
GeroScience
Published
2025-05-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01670-1
Citations
4
Primary Topic
Nutritional Studies and Diet
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
7.51

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year changes in cognitive function in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome

Fernando Fernández‐Aranda, Teresa Rognoni, Lidia Daimiel, Jordi Salas‐Salvadó et al.
4 citations
GeroScience
Nutritional Studies and Diet
7.51
article

Dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year changes in cognitive function in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome

Fernando Fernández‐Aranda, Teresa Rognoni, Lidia Daimiel, Jordi Salas‐Salvadó, Antonio P. Arenas-Larriva, J. Alfredo Martínez, Montserrat Fitó, Josép Vidal, Marta Fanlo‐Maresma, Dolores Corella, José López‐Miranda, Jiaqi Ni, Amira Bouzalmate-Hajjaj, Rosa Casas, Karla Alejandra Pérez‐Vega, Laura Compañ‐Gabucio, Lucas Tojal‐Sierra, Raquel Cueto-Galán, Héctor Vázquez‐Lorente, Ángel M. Alonso‐Gómez, José Lapetra, M. Ángeles Zulet, Jesús Vioqué, Clotilde Vázquez, Estefanía Toledo, José Vicente Sorlí, María Dolores Zomeño, Julia Wärnberǵ, Dora Romaguera, Indira Paz‐Graniel, Francisco José Tinahones, Nuria Goñi, Miguel Delgado‐Rodríguez, Javier Basterra-Gortari, Emilio Ros, Antonio García‐Ríos, Ana Barabash, Nancy Babió, Naomi Cano‐Ibáñez, Lluís Serra‐Majem, Olga Castañer, Mar Nafría, Eva M. Asensio, Josep A. Tur, Ramón Estruch, Ana María Gómez-Pérez, R.M. Micó Pérez, Pedro Jiménez-Sellés
article en
4 citations

Abstract

The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55-75 years in men and 60-75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Data on dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed through five composite scores derived from a comprehensive battery of eight neuropsychological tests, encompassing global cognitive function, general cognitive function, attention, executive function, and language domains. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake over time and 2-year changes in cognitive function. After adjusting for multiple covariates, energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake as a continuous variable was associated with greater 2-year improvements in global cognitive function (β 1.18 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.19 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 2.17 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), executive function (β 1.12 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.03 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 2.21 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), and language (β 1.61 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.43 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 2.78 × 10<sup>-2</sup>). Additionally, the higher cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake quartile was associated with an increase in global cognitive function (β 7.10 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 0.59 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 13.6 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), language (β 7.07 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI - 0.52 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 14.7 × 10<sup>-2</sup>), and a lower decline in attention (β 9.58 × 10<sup>-2</sup>; 95% CI 1.60 × 10<sup>-2</sup> to 17.5 × 10<sup>-2</sup>). A higher dietary vitamin D intake was associated with modest favorable changes in cognitive function and a reduced cognitive decline over a 2-year period. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the potential benefits of boosting dietary vitamin D intake for cognitive health in older adults.

GeroScienceVol. 47(5)
Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (ES), Universidad de Valladolid (ES), Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx (ES), Universidad San Pablo CEU (ES), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES), Harvard University (US), Universitat de València (ES), University of the Basque Country (ES), Universidad de Granada (ES), Universidad de Jaén (ES), Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria (ES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES), Bellvitge University Hospital (ES), Hospital Clínico San Carlos (ES), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (ES), Servicio Navarro de Salud (ES), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (ES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (ES), Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (ES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (ES), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud (ES), Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (ES), Hospital Universitario Araba (ES), Navarre Institute of Health Research (ES), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ES), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (ES), Navarrabiomed (ES), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (ES), Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (ES), Hospital Del Mar (ES), Primary Health Care (QA), Clinica Universidad de Navarra (ES), IMDEA Food (ES), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ES), Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (ES), Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias (ES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) (ES), Universitat de les Illes Balears (ES), University of Córdoba (ES), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (ES), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES), Universitat de Barcelona (ES), Universidad de Málaga (ES), Universidad de Navarra (ES)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, H2020 European Research Council
Zero hunger
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Nutritional Studies and Diet
7.51
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.