Effect of staining techniques and repeated firing cycles on translucency, color and biaxial flexural strength of advanced lithium disilicate containing Virgilite crystals

Within the limitation of this study, firing cycles and staining techniques impact the properties of ALD. More firing cycles enhance translucency but increase color change. Repeated firing, particularly with the double-step characterization technique, significantly improved biaxial flexural strength up to the fourth cycle, demonstrating its superior performance over the single-step characterization technique.