Enhancing industrial value of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): Effects of 2,4-epibrassinolide on aroma and bioactive compounds

A plant growth regulator, 2,4-Epibrassinolide (EBR), has been extensively studied for its regulatory role in secondary metabolism. However, its potential to enhance the industrial quality of aromatic crops, particularly coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.), remains insufficiently explored. This study systematically investigated the effects of exogenous EBR on the aroma profile and bioactive compound synthesis in coriander under non-stress conditions, aiming to fill a critical gap in the application of plant growth regulators to improve the commercial value of aromatic crops. EBR treatments at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 mg·L −1 were applied. The results showed that EBR significantly modulated amino acid metabolism, endogenous hormone regulation, and secondary metabolite production. The optimal concentration identified was 0.5 mg·L −1 , which enhanced the synthesis of essential amino acids, polyphenols, and 44 key volatile compounds, particularly aldehydes—compounds critical for industrial applications such as perfumes, cosmetics, and essential oils. Odor activity value analysis identified 14 characteristic aroma components, with 2-Dodecenal exhibiting an odor activity value > 1,000,000, dominating the Fatty and Citrus-like aroma profile. Higher EBR concentrations (1.0 mg·L −1 ) induced metabolic imbalances, reducing key metabolite synthesis. These findings demonstrated that moderate EBR concentrations (0.5 mg·L −1 ) substantially enhanced the synthesis of key aldehydes, polyphenols, and amino acids, which are essential for the food, pharmaceutical, and fragrance industries. This study provides novel insights into the targeted use of EBR as a sustainable approach to enhancing the sensory and commercial attributes of high-value crops. • 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) enhances the industrial quality of coriander through secondary metabolism regulation. • Aldehydes dominate coriander’s aroma profile, supporting industrial applications. • Optimal EBR concentration (0.5 mg·L −1 ) identified for enhancing volatile compounds. • 2-Dodecenal, a key aroma compound, exhibited an OAV > 1,000,000, enhancing citrus-like notes. • EBR offers a sustainable strategy to improve the sensory and commercial value of aromatic crops.