Osteoartrite em gatos: a importância de identificar os sinais de dor e desconforto

Osteoarthritis (OA) in cats is considered a common and important condition, as it is a degenerative joint condition that has become increasingly recognized in recent years. Functional and structural changes characterize the disease and contribute to its progression, especially in senior cats. Studies show a prevalence of up to 90% in cats past 12 years of age showing some degree of osteoarthritis, mainly affecting joints such as elbows, hips and knees. OA in cats is more difficult to diagnose than in dogs due to the more subtle signs exhibited by this species. Instead of lameness, behavioral changes are more commonly observed, such as reduced activity, difficulty jumping, decreased social interaction, changes in hygiene habits and alterations in litter box usage. Treatments depend on the degree and severity of the condition, which include weight control, nutraceutical supplementation with omega 3, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, monoclonal antibodies for pain control, intra-articular hyaluronic acid, physiotherapy, complementary alternatives and environmental enrichment with adjustments to facilitate mobility. Thus, the present work aims to develop a technical-educational project to instruct pet owners in identifying the clinical and behavioral signs of the disease and, consequently, seeking assertive treatment with their veterinarian, aiding in the recovery and maintenance of these cats’ quality of life. For this study, a questionnaire was applied to 171 pet owners, and a literature review was conducted on the topic, addressing key concepts such as “osteoarthritis”, “degenerative joint disease” and “pain treatment in degenerative diseases”. The results highlighted the need to increase the dissemination of information on the disease and the identification of its painful signs, which motivated the development of an article and an educational brochure.