Cone-beam computerized tomography study of the temporomandibular joint with different vertical bone facial types in adult females with class II bone

The aim was to study the morphological and positional characteristics of temporomandibular joints (TMJ) in adult females with different vertical bony facial types of bony class II. A total of 60 adult females with bony class II were divided into high-angle group, low-angle group, and an average-angle group in the Frankfort horizontal plane-gonion-gnathion angle (MP-FH). In the control group, there were 20 patients with bony class I homogeneous angle, and the ages of each group were between 18 and 35 years old. Dolphin software was used to generate lateral cranial views and perform fixed-point tracing. Invivo 5.3 software was used to reconstruct the 3-dimensional image of the TMJ, and the following items were measured under the view of the TMJ: (1) bony structures such as condyle and fossa and (2) condyle position. The statistical software SPSS27.0 was used to collate and analyze the data. There was no significant difference in bilateral TMJ measurements between the groups (P > .05). Compared with the other groups, the long axis of the condyle, short axis, and supra-articular space (SS) were larger, the fossa depth was deeper, articular eminence inclination was steeper, the long-term axis and the short axis of the high angle were smaller, the fossa depth, and articular eminence inclination were smaller, the anterior articular space was larger (P < .05), and the supra-articular and posterior spaces were smaller. The position of the condyle was mainly in the median and anterior positions in the control group, the anterior and posterior positions in the average angle group, the median and posterior positions in the low-angle group, and the posterior position in the high-angle group. The morphology and position of bilateral TMJ were basically symmetrical between the skeletal class II adult females and the control group, and the position and morphology of the TMJ in the vertical skeletal type of adult females with bony class II were different.