Association of fertility-related attitudes and norms among adolescent wives, husbands, and mothers-in-law with wives’ fertility desires in rural Niger

Niger has the world's highest fertility rate, with about seven children per woman, significantly impacting maternal and child health. This study examines how fertility-related attitudes and social norms affect adolescent wives' (AWs) fertility desires in rural Niger. Using data from 768 AWs (ages 15-19), their husbands, and mothers-in-law, the study employed multilevel linear regression models to analyse associations between birth spacing attitudes, social norms, and AWs' fertility desires. Results show a significant link between social norms and wives' fertility desires. Wives with pro-natalist descriptive and injunctive norms and those whose husband has pro-natalist injunctive norms have higher fertility desire. Interestingly, individual attitudes weren't directly correlated with fertility desires, suggesting social norms predominate over personal attitudes. The study further highlights that village-level descriptive norms are significantly associated with fertility desires. It underscores the need for interventions that address social contexts within communities, not just individual-level activities. The research emphasises the complexity of these norms, considering multiple perspectives, and highlights husbands' influence on wives' fertility intentions. Recommendations include community-based programs engaging various stakeholders and policy initiatives promoting women's agency and rights.