A literature-based overview on chemistry, pharmacology, molecular docking and nanotechnological advancements of capsaicin including potential impact on pharmacological action of other drugs with mechanistic insight

Background: Capsaicin is one of the most effective bioactive ingredients of all capsaicinoids exhibit multiple health benefits in both humans and animals. Several finding have been shown that co-administration of capsaicin with other drugs leads to an unpredictable response. Scope and approach: This review starts by investigation of the latest global findings on published data in connection with chemistry, pharmacology, molecular docking and approaches to drug delivery including nanotechnological advances associated with capsaicin. Finally, the review includes potential impact of capsaicin in combination with other drugs for evaluating pharmacological interactions. Based on this, scientific overview data (1919–2025) in connection with the promotion of capsaicin research were analyzed and incorporated. Key findings and conclusions: Capsaicin research has globally evolved from chemistry, pharmacology, molecular docking mechanism and approaches to drug delivery including nanotechnological advances with several published studies. Interestingly, capsaicin was found to alter pharmacological action of many known reported drugs. Therefore, administration of drugs/ bioactives listed in the present review should be given more attention, when taken together with food containing capsaicin to avoids any unpredicted outcome. In summary, the information presented in this paper may be useful in developing a combined or complementary approach to drug delivery for future research to treat a wide range of health conditions.