Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Abstract Toxic shock syndrome or TSS is a severe, life-threatening, toxin-mediated disease induced mainly by bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Streptococcus pyogenes ( S. pyogenes ), and it is fatal if not recognized and treated suitably. This disease can diverge into two types depending on the location of infection including menstrual (using menstrual tampons) and nonmenstrual TSS (surgical wound infections, postpartum wound infection, etc.). This review aims to study comprehensive toxic shock syndrome (TSS) including history, epidemiology, causing organisms, the function of toxin, the structure of toxins, and regulation of toxin production, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.