Thermal Modality-Based Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation: A Case Report

Gingival hyperpigmentation, caused by excessive melanin deposition in the basal and suprabasal layers of the gingival epithelium, is a significant aesthetic concern, particularly for individuals with a high smile line. Although benign, this condition can negatively impact self-confidence, prompting many patients to seek cosmetic treatment. Various depigmentation techniques exist, including scalpel surgery, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, and laser therapy, each offering distinct advantages and limitations. This case report presents a comparative evaluation of diode laser and electrosurgery for gingival depigmentation using a split-mouth approach. The mandibular arch was treated with an 810 nm diode laser (Surgical Laser Clean Cut, 810NM/10W; Confident Dental Equipments, Bangalore, India), while the maxillary arch was treated using a monopolar electrosurgical unit (Younique Dental Innovations R.F. Advance; Motranser, Waipu, Taiwan). Clinical parameters assessed included healing time, intraoperative bleeding control, patient comfort, and recurrence rates over a six-month follow-up period. Findings suggest that while electrosurgery provided superior hemostasis, the diode laser led to faster healing and a lower recurrence rate. This study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate depigmentation technique based on patient-specific needs, emphasizing the role of minimally invasive procedures in modern periodontal esthetics.