Campylobacter Associated Infections: An Emerging Public Health Concern

Aims: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the microbiological characteristics, reservoirs, and zoonotic potential of Campylobacter species. Additionally, it explores the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance and the association of Campylobacter infections with Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS). Key Highlights: Campylobacter species are among the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In addition to causing foodborne illness in humans, these pathogens are associated with a range of clinical manifestations in animals, including infertility and abortion, particularly in ruminants. Their flagellar motility, microaerophilic growth requirements, and amino acid metabolism enable efficient colonization of diverse ecological niches. Poultry, ruminants, and companion animals serve as primary reservoirs, facilitating zoonotic transmission. The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter strains largely driven by inappropriate antimicrobial use in food-producing animals represents a significant global health concern. Furthermore, molecular mimicry between bacterial lipooligosaccharides and host gangliosides can trigger post-infectious autoimmune neuropathies such as GBS. Conclusion: Given the zoonotic and public health significance of Campylobacter species there is an urgent need for a One Health approach integrating surveillance, improved farm biosecurity, regulated antibiotic use, and public education on safe food handling.