Dentistry Status Features of Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Relevance . Changes in the oral cavity have a close relationship with pathological processes in the liver. In the scientific articles is practically no information on the description of oral cavity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Goal — to determine the dental status of patients with NAFLD and to identify the leading mechanisms of development of oral pathology to formulate directions of dental care. Materials and methods . Аn assessment of the dental status of patients with NAFLD in the Clinical Hospital “RZD-Medicine” (Kirov, Russia) included an objective examination, hygienic and periodontal indices, biochemical parameters of oral fluid and microbiological examination. Results. It was revealed high prevalence of dental caries and tooth loss: the number of extracted teeth is 2 times higher than in individuals without NAFLD; 100 % patients had lesions of the oral mucosa and inflammatory periodontal diseases. A decrease in the antioxidant activity of saliva and a predominance of periodontogenic microorganisms in the oral microbiota were noted. Discussion . Possible linking mechanisms between dentistry pathology and NAFLD include dietary patterns, changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome, and the predominance of proinflammatory reactions in the immune response. Conclusion. Patients with NAFLD are characterized by multiple combined lesions of hard tissues of teeth, oral mucosa, and periodontium. Unfavorable changes in the biochemical composition of oral fluid and oral microflora contribute to the development and progression of pathological processes. All patients with NAFLD need complex treatment of oral cavity pathology, including oral hygiene, treatment of dental and oral mucosa lesions, periodontal diseases, prosthetics.