Multi-layered deep immune profiling, SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and inflammation in unvaccinated COVID-19 individuals with persistent symptoms
Early persistent symptoms are associated with multi-layered SARS-CoV-2-specific/non-SARS-CoV-2-specific immune dysregulation. The shift towards non-Ag-specific T<sub>EMRA</sub> and ADCC trigger in EPS+ may relate to SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Early immune dysregulation does not associate with long-term persistent symptoms. Further research on SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and early immune dysregulation is needed.
Authors
- Andrea Santoro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-2958)
- Francesca Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-8923)
- Sabrina Marozin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-9488)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-4101)
- Sara Franzese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-8719)
- Valentina Cazzetta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7183-2793)
- Domenico Mavilio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-0952)
- Joanna Mikulak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-9543)
- Elisa Borghi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-0455)
- Roberta Rovito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-844X)
- Camilla Tincati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-2962)
- Silvia Della Bella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-5049)
- Nicolò Coianiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-0359)
- Alexandra Tauzin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-3600)
- Matteo Augello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1031-9504)
- Giulia Marchetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-4828)
- Valeria Bono (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-5434)
- Clara Di Vito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-1710)
- Andrés Finzi
Institutions
- AOL (United States) (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Ospedale San Paolo (IT)
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CA)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Communications Medicine
- Published
- 2025-05-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00832-8
- Primary Topic
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- European Commission
- Ministero della Salute
- Mitacs
- Humanitas Research Hospital
- HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé