Optimization and Production of Bio ink from Beetroot Waste

Commercially available inks contain various chemicals that can be harmful if not handled properly. They have compounds like congo red, methylene blue, crystal violet and other synthetic particles that are mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature. This is a concern for both users and those involved in the manufacturing and recycling processes associated with it. Bio ink is an innovative and sustainable approach in ink production that uses biowaste as a primary raw material. This type of ink is part of a broader effort to reduce waste, promote recycling, and create eco-friendly products and comparatively less harmful for both users and manufactures. This ink has a wide range of applications across various industries and sectors like printing and publishing, art and design, industrial printing, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile industries. One of the viable sources for vibrant colours like red and yellow include betalains and anthocyanin which could be extracted from beetroot. This study used the central composite design of response surface methodology for optimising the concentration of components like carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and beetroot extract used for the formulation of bioink. Drying time was fed as output to the model and optimal parameters were obtained. Thus, the mathematical model could be explored further for synthesis of bioink of better quality