A Cross-Sectional Study of the Impact of Knowledge, Medication Adherence, and Illness Acceptance on the Quality of Life in Hypertensive Patients

Background Hypertension is a major noncommunicable disease globally, affecting patients' quality of life due to changes in lifestyle and socio-psychological factors. Identifying key determinants of quality of life in hypertensive patients can aid targeted interventions. Aim This study aims to examine the impact of hypertension knowledge, medication adherence, and illness acceptance on the quality of life of hypertensive patients in Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 429 hypertensive patients using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software version 22 to evaluate relationships among variables. Results Knowledge about hypertension (p < 0.001), medication adherence (p < 0.001), and illness acceptance (p = 0.003) significantly influenced quality of life, while demographic factors did not (p = 0.173). The model fit analysis confirmed the SEM model's adequacy. Conclusions Hypertension knowledge, medication adherence, and illness acceptance play critical roles in improving quality of life. These findings highlight the need for educational and emotional support interventions tailored to hypertensive patients.