The Influence of Child-Parent Relations on the Self-Attitude of a Child with Disabilities

The article describes the specifics of self-esteem and self-concept of a child with disabilities, the influence of parent-child relationships on them. The empirical base of the study consisted of 80 people (40 children and 40 mothers). The sample included children aged 10-12 - 20 with disabilities with mental retardation and 20 normotypical children, as well as their mothers. The methodological tools included methods for studying self-esteem and level of aspirations by T. Dembo, S. Ya. Rubinstein (modified by A. M. Prikhozhan), “Who Am I?” by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland (adapted by T. V. Rumyantseva), PARI by E. S. Shefer and R. K. Bell (adapted by T. V. Neshcheret) for diagnosing attitudes describing the attitude of mothers to different aspects of family life. The results reflect that children with disabilities have an optimally high level of aspirations. The scales of health, intelligence, abilities, peer authority, character, skillful hands, appearance, and self-confidence revealed adequate self-esteem, indicating a realistic assessment of oneself and one's capabilities. In self-descriptions of children with disabilities, the content of the Social Self prevails. The influence of the parameters of parent-child relationships on the self-esteem and level of aspirations of children with disabilities was revealed. A greater number of family influences are manifested in the assessment of one's own health and character traits in a child with disabilities. The level of aspirations regarding peer authority depends to a greater extent on the influence of the family for a child with disabilities. The prospects for the study in the future are the study of personal, family, and interpersonal predictors of self-esteem and self-concept of adolescents from various nosological groups, as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of programs to support their families.